Oil-burning heater



Sept. 11, 192& 1,683,544

0. E. c. WOODS OIL BURNING HEATER Original Filed Jun 16*, 1926.

Patented Sept. 11, 1928.

UNITED s'rarss PATENT OFFICE.

' OLIVER E. G. WOODS, OF TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA.

Ont-BURNING HEATER.

This invention relates to oil burning apparatus or heaters of the type adapted for use with any of the standard or usual furnaces or heating plants. g

The objects of the invention are to provlde an oil burner which will burn low grade or inexpensive fuel oils of various standards, also to provide an oil burner having automatic safety features whereby safe operation without watching or attention will be secured;also to provide an oil burnerthat Wlll operate effectively on aminimum supply of oil when desired, so as to provide a relatively low fire or heat and which is adaptable without alteration or mechanical adjustment to a hot fire or high heat condition. Further objects are to provide an oil burner of simple design which may be readily manufactured at low cost and consisting of parts so an ranged and adapted as to be readily installed in any standard furnace or heatlng plant without altering or dismantling the furnace.

In the accompanying drawings; Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of an oil burning apparatus embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of a portion of the burner nozzle; 4

Fig. 3 is a section on line 3-3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a section on line 4-4 of Fig. 1 In the drawings, A designates a port on of any usual or standard furnace or heat ng plant, B designates a fire box or combustion space of said furnace.

The improved apparatus of'my invention embodies, generally stated, means for" feeding, preferably by gravity, fuel 011 or a suitable hydroecarbon; a blower for forcing a stream of air to contact with the fuel 011 being fed to the furnace and to assist the feeding of said oil; a nozzle in which a preliminary mixing of the oil and air is effected and through which the mixture is dehvered into a burner where combustion is effected. The invention also .includes means for cutting off the flow or delivery of the oil or fuel to the burner in case the blower ceases to operate, and also means for cutting off or stopping the flow of the fuel or 011 to the burner in case combustion is imperfect 1n the burner or in case the flame of combustion goes out, or is extinguished. Thev invention also includes the provision of a variable or selective speed drive for the blower so that fuel or oils of different consistencies or flow ma be effectively handled.

1 1 1 the accompanying drawings 10-designates a feed pipe through which the oil or fuel flows by gravity from a supply tank (nBt shown). It is considered unnecessary to show this supply tank here as it may be any usual supply tank positioned at a point above the burner of this oil burning appara-v tus. The oil flows through the ipe 10 to a mixing nozzle 11 and thence through the mixing nozzle intoa burner 12. 13 designates a blower of any usual construction which blows or forces a quantity of" air through pipe 14 to the mixing nozzle 11. Referring to Fig. 2 the oil flows through pipe 10 and enters the inner pipe or space 15 of the mixing nozzle and flows The air which is forced through pipe 14 enters space 16 in the mixing nozzle, that is, 'the space surrounding the oil carrying pipe.

The pipe 15 of the mixing nozzle ispreferably provided with one of more air-collecting flanges or deflectors 17 and with openings 18 from the space 16 to the interior of pipe 15. These openings are preferably posi-- tioned beneath the overhang of the deflectors 17, and their purpose is to permit the entrance of a limited quantity of air fromspace 16 into pipe .15 to there mix with the oil that is flowing through pipe 15. Adjacent its delivery end, nozzle pipe 15 is provided with a plurality of side or lateral openings 19, and pipe 15 is closed adjacent that end as at 20, whereby the oil passing through said therethrough.

pipe is forced out of the pipe through the lateral openings 19. At the point where"- these lateral openings are positioned, the in her walls of the nozzle are preferably restricted as shown at 21 and 22, thereby providing a substantially Venturi-like action at that point by increasing the velocity of the flow of air. The combustible mixture is forced, out past portions 21 and 22 of the I nozzle into the burner 12.

This burner'12 is preferably of the construction shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings,

which consists of a major casing 23 which .may' bea casting of iron or other suitable material preferably having an overhanging upper flange 24 and bottom member 25. The interior of the burner is preferably lined with fire clay or other refractory material, as at 26. It is considered preferable to form this refractory lining in the form indicated in Fig. 3 where that portion of the lining shown at 27 and opposite to the point where the combustible mixture is introduced into the burner is made extra thick and presents sub-.

the combustible'mixture being forced into the 1 burner. From this fiat surface 28 the fire walls or refractory lining curve or are around following somewhat the general contour of the burner, until theyreach points adjacent the entrance point of the combustible mixture as at 29 and 30, at which points the fire clay is thickened so as to produce a curved surface line extending in a substantially 'reverse direction or towardthe center of the burner. The purpose of this is to direct the currents of combustible mixture which, having entered through the nozzle and striking the flat portion 28 of the refractory lining, are spread and directed to the curved parts around the sides of the burner, away from the point of entrance of the combustiblemixture to the phragm' by suitable means,

burner so as not to interfere with the entrance ofthe combustible mixture to the burner. or cause any cross currents across the opening for entrance of the combustible mixture.

The oil feed pipe 10 is provided with cut off valve 31, the function of which is to close said oil feed pipe and prevent the delivery of oil through said pipe to the burner, during the time that there is no air being delivered through the air feed pipe from the blower.

To thisend, the air feed pipe 14 communi-t cates through means of a connection 32 with space 33-defined by a drum ormember 34. This space 33 is sealed by suitable means, such, for example, as the flexible diaphragm 35 shown in Fig. 4. This flexible diap ragm ma be of chamois or any other suitable mater1al,and the operation of the diaphragm is such that when the blower is operating and the air under pressure is being delivered to the nozzle and to the burner, the diaphragm is distended or is in -a raised position as shown in Fig. 4. When the delivery of air through the air feed pipe ceases intentionally or when the electric current goes off, thereby stopping the blower,.the diaphragm drops to the positions shown in'the broken lines in Fig. 4. Valve 31 is actuated from this diapreferably through means of link 36, and a weight 37 which rests upon a portion of thediaphragm 35. Valve 31 is preferably spring controlled so that its normal position would be open.

This spring, however, is counteracted by weight 37 so that as the weight descends, as it does when the diaphragm 35 drops owing to the absence of air under pressure in the air feed pipe 14 the valve 31is closed and stops with an aperture or drain opening 38. This allows any oil not consumed in the burner to drain to a drip pan or trough 39 positioned beneath the burner, and from there the unconsumed oil drains throu h a pipe or other suitable means 40 to a firip. bucket 41. 42 designates a spring controlled cut off valve in'the oil feed pipe 10. The normal position of this cut off valve is open. The bucket 41 is connected to the valve 42 by means of a lever 43 anda chain or'other fastening means 44 whereby when. the bucket becomes filled to a predetermined extent or receives a given weight of unconsumed' oil the bucket lowers, swinging the lever downwardly and thereby turning or closing valve 42, thus cutting off the supply of oil to the burner.

The drip pan 39 is preferably provided on a stand supported on suitable legs 45 which is ofsuch size so that it may be readily inserted in the furnace to be served, and 46 designates standards or legs on the drip an which receive and support the .burner. The burner is of such size that it may be readily inserted in the furnace to be served and thus it will be seen that there is provided a structure of few units of smallsize and a readily portable one which may be easily inserted in the usual furnace.

above may be readily assembled of standard The other portions of apand usual parts, and therefore the apparatus may be constructed quickly and with small assembly or construction expense and at a',

minimum of cost. I The blower is preferably arranged so as to 'be driven at selective or variable speeds to vary the quantity of air delivered to the fire pot in accord with the consistency of fuel being used and the amount of combustion or the heat desired.

Fig. 1 shows a circuit that has been found desirable for this purpose, including in the circuit a-resistance switch or rheostate designated as 47 and preferably having six contact members'designated as 1, 2, 3,4, 5 and 6. 48 designates a switch or contact member which is adapted to engage any one of the six contact members of the rheostat or the idle or open circuit contact member zero, to there- 'by drive the blower at any one of six selected speeds. 50 designates a resistance member preferably in the form of a lamp. 51 designates a switch for cutting out the resistance of lamp 50 when desired so as to throw afull line current around lamp 50. The lamp or resistance 50 is preferably of such wattage that when the switch 51 is openand the current is passing through lamp 50 and the switch 48 is on any one of the contact members of the rheostat 47 the motor of the blower will be driven at a lower rate of speed than when the switch 51 is closed and the switch 48 is on its first or low speed position.

It will be noted that the numerals 7, 8, 9, 10,

'11 and12 appear above the contact members of the rheostat. Each of the contact members of the rheostat serves for two speeds. Thus, for example, when the lamp or resistance member. 50 is in circuit and the switch 48 is placed on contact member 1,- the .motor is driven at its first or lowest speed. This speed is increased as the switch 48 is shifted to contact members 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Then if-the switch 51 is closed, thus cutting the lamp 50 out of the circuit, the switch 4 8 is placed on contact member 1, and as indicated thereabove the motor will be driven at the 7th s ed and as the contactmembers move to t eright, speeds 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, or high speed will be effected. The speed of the motor driving the blower regulates the amount or volume of air being forced into the system to mix with the oil. Therefore,

with this device, it is possible to get any practical desired speed of the motor and conse quently'any desired volume of air. This provision enables the device to, function continuously at anfy desired heat and'eliminates the necessity 0 any thermostatic control for cutting off the blower or putting the blower out of commission, as the blower can be driven by these means at very low speeds with consequent small volume of air, small consumption of oil and relatively low heat.

49 designates an oil feed control valve for the oil feed line. This-control valve is preferably arranged to be manually actuated or set, and may be set at any desired point to control the amount of oil allowed to pass from the oilfeed I claim as my invention: I 1. A mixing nozzle for an oil burnlng heater, comprlsing anouter air-conducting pipe and an inner fuel-conducting pipe arranged within said air-conducting pipe, said air-conducting pipe at its discharge end pro vided with a restricted, substantially cylindrical discharge orifice, and, said fuel-coir" ductingv pipe terminating within said restricted orifice and having a radial outlet opening to dischargle; fuel into said restricted orifice in a plane su stantially per ndicular to the flow of the concentrat blast of air through said restricted orifice, said fuel openings therein for intercepting a conducting pipe having a plurality of lat- I eral openings'establishing communication be-'' tween the interior of the fuel-conducting pipe and the unrestricted interior poption of the air-conducting pipe, and means about the fuel-conductin pipe adjacent the lateral rtion of the current of .air passing throng the unrestricted interior 0 and concentrating such intercepted injection through the'last mentioned openpipe '10 into the burnering pipe and an inner fuel-conducting pipe,

said air-conductingpipe bl air for ing with the fuel therein and accelerating its flow therethrough in the direction of the radial outlet openings.

2. A mixin nozzle for an oil burning heater, comprising an outer air-conducting pipe and an inner fuel-conducting pipe arranged within said air-conducting pipe, said air-conducting pipe at its discharge end provided with. a restricted, substantiall cylindrical discharge orifice, and said fue conducting pipe terminating within said restricted orifice and having a radial outlet opening to discharge fuel into said restricted orifice in a lane substantially perpendicular to the ow of the concentrated blast of 'air throughsaid restricted orifice, said fuel-conducting pipe having lateral openings within the unrestricted interior of said air-conducting pipe through which air may enter for commingling with and accelerating the How of the fuel within said fuelconducting pipe, and a dished flange on the periphery of said fuel-conducting pipe adjacent the last mentioned openings therein, said flange being dished rearwardly over said apparatus, compnsing an outer air-conductsald fuel conducting pipe having discharge openings for delivering-fuel therefrom for commingling with the air delivered by said air-conducting pipe, said fuel-conducting its flow toward the discharge openings, and an air-collecting flange surrounding the fuelconducting pipe adjacent and forwardly of the air inlet openings therein, said flange flaring outwardly into the air-conducting pipe and rearwardlyover the air inlet openings of the fuel conducting pipe for intercepting a portlon of thecurrent of air flowing through" ,the air-conducting p1pe and concentrating such interciplted air about the air inlet openings of the el-conducting pipe, whereby the intercepted air'will be delivered into the fuelconducting pipe in .a concentrated blast or as s.

OLIVER. n. c. woons. 

